After defining the basic concepts of demography and economic indicators derived from it, as well as assessing the impact of demographic trends on the economy in general, the paper will present the current situation in the Republic of Croatia. Furthermore, it will offer some of its own, but also de-rived thoughts inspired by the subject that comes from reviews or direct quotes from some well-known demographers such as Akrap, Gelo, Šterc. Except for the mentioned authors, the literature used in writing the paper was found in databases such as Emerald, Link Springer and Kluwer. Through the monitoring of three basic components of demography: birth, aging - death, migration, the paper will give suggestions how to influence on the population of our country and how to influ-ence on the development of the economy, culture, politics and the society as a whole. Demographic picture of Croatia in the 21st century characterized by several characteristic process-es. The process of continuous natural depopulation dominates, respectively higher number of deaths than live births. Aging with the imbalances in the age structure of the population and a continuous increase expected standard of living at birth is also a major demographic problem. Furthermore, the positive balance of net migration with foreign countries that has been negative since 2009 is also one of the characteristic processes of the demographic image of Croatia. The combined effect of low fertility, distorted age structure and emigration of young people in the reproductive age leads to the beginning of the process of extinction in many areas of Croatia. The birth rate in Croatia has been so low in recent decades that the reduction in the number of population without immigration is inevitable. Mechanical movement of the population (migration and immigration) with the natural population movement (birth and mortality) is the main determinant of the number of population in a certain area which also determines the overall labor force potential of that area. The spatial move-ment of the population together with the process of globalization becomes an increasingly important factor that shapes the overall economy of the world we live in.