The counties of Slavonia, Baranja and Srijem (i.e. the counties of Virovitica-Podravina, PožegaSlavonia, Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Srijem) in the eastern part of Croatia are facing several development challenges that affect their economic, demographic and social progress. By analyzing the current situation, the most important problems and opportunities that will shape the future of these regions were identified. The regions observed rely primarily on activities with lower income values and lower technological intensity (manufacturing, which is predominantly based on labor-intensive sectors, and agriculture), and there is an urgent need for diversification of economic activities. Key strategies for economic growth include the modernization of agriculture, the development of new industrial sectors and the promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship. Investments in clean technologies and energy efficiency can further improve the economic "image" of these counties. In addition, these regions are facing a declining population due to out-emigration and low birth rates. To counteract this demographic exodus, attractive living and working conditions must be created. This requires improvements in education and healthcare as well as initiatives that encourage young families to stay in the region. More "work" requires better prospects of staying young and starting a family. Infrastructure development is crucial for integrating the region into the national and European market, but also for improving the overall social dimension of development. Modernizing transport networks, improving water and energy infrastructure and enhancing digital connectivity are the basis for future development. Such investments can improve the quality of life and attract new investment. Preserving natural resources and ensuring sustainability should definitely be priorities for the development of these counties. Strategies to protect the environment, including organic farming and the use of renewable energy sources, are necessary to mitigate negative impacts on the natural environment and ensure sustainable development. Slavonija, Baranja and Srijem have a rich cultural heritage and natural beauties that can serve as a basis for tourism development. The promotion of cultural and historical attractions and the development of tourism infrastructure can contribute significantly to economic growth and job creation.