This thesis investigates the transformation of the financial sector towards a cashless society, with a particular focus on Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). The primary objective of the research is to describe the dynamics of monetary evolution towards a cashless society, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of implementing CBDCs, briefly examine the implications for the banking system and financial stability, and assess the public's readiness to accept the changes brought by this transformation. The implementation of CBDCs necessitates innovations in monetary infrastructure. However, public perception of digital currencies is crucial to the successful widespread adoption of CBDCs. The research findings highlight several benefits. CBDCs are considered more liquid than traditional cash due to the elimination of intermediaries, such as commercial banks, which can slow down the process due to the time required for the processing and transfer of funds. Increased liquidity enables quicker responses to economic challenges. Additionally, the expected reduction in international transaction costs has the potential to stimulate global trade. On the other hand, the introduction of CBDCs also presents certain drawbacks. The primary concern surrounding digital currencies is the issue of user data privacy. Although the European Central Bank has pledged to protect sensitive information, there is public dissatisfaction regarding potential surveillance of personal transactions by central banks. This concern underscores the fragile trust that citizens have in regulatory institutions and authorities. Without effective public reassurance measures and education, the likelihood of CBDC acceptance diminishes. The 2022 Economic and Social Digitalization Index shows that Croatia ranks 21st out of 27 EU member states. With low digital literacy and a slow internet network, Croatia faces technological challenges in achieving successful digitalization. While CBDCs can offer significant benefits, careful regulation and coordination are essential.