This paper explores inventory management methods in modern supply chains, aiming to improve efficiency, reduce storage costs, and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. The introduction emphasizes the importance of optimized inventory management for business operations, while the research methodology section covers the definition of the subject, research questions, and research methods, including qualitative and quantitative approaches. The section on inventory management provides a detailed overview of the definition and various types of inventory, such as raw materials, work-in-progress, finished goods, and maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) supplies. Modern inventory management methods include Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), which optimizes order quantities to minimize costs; replenishment strategies to maintain optimal inventory levels; Material Requirements Planning (MRP) and Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) for planning material needs and production capacities; Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP) for optimizing distribution; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) for integrating business processes; and JIT (Just-In-Time) to reduce inventory and storage costs. As a case study, the Ljiljana Kojin pharmacy is analyzed, including their current inventory management practices, challenges such as demand forecasting and managing specific medications, and opportunities for improvement. The discussion section provides answers to the research questions and suggests concrete measures to improve inventory management in the pharmacy. Proposed measures include order automation, better demand forecasting, and storage optimization. In the conclusion, the assumptions made in the introductory part of the paper are analyzed.