Health care is considered as an activity of vital social interest and importance. It is carried out at primary, secondary and tertiary level, aiming to preserve human health, to prevent illness and to treat and heal sick members of any social community. Health systems worldwide, as well as in Croatia, are characterized by constantly changing conditions in which they operate. Their main characteristic is referring to the growing healthcare expenses, yet, there are only limited financial resources available. Pharmacy is a very important segment of the healthcare system. It involves the manufacture of medicines and the supply of medicines and medical products to the healthcare system. Pharmacy experiences and shares the problems of the healthcare system to a great extent. Taking this into consideration, the main objective of the doctoral dissertation was to perform an analysis of the pharmacy business management in the changing conditions of the healthcare system in the Republic of Croatia. The research was carried out among the employees of the Croatian pharmacy sector. Since the pharmacy sector is an integral part of the healthcare system, this dissertation also explores respondents' perception of the healthcare system. Based on their responses, the determined hypotheses were verified. In general, the survey results confirmed that the employees working in the pharmacy sector were not satisfied with the healthcare system, however, they did positively evaluate some of its aspects. However, the respondents were significantly more satisfied with the conditions in the pharmacy sector, as proven by the survey results. Still, the respondents warned about the insufficient involvement of the state in solving of the accumulated problems both in the healthcare and in pharmacy sector. The survey also showed that the pharmacy sector employees tend to evaluate positively the management of the company where they were employed at the time of the survey. Although they responded that the management was generally functioning well, they pointed out some management aspects that need to be improved. The survey also indicated that problems of the Croatian healthcare system had negative impact on pharmacy business, because of which the scope of pharmacy work increased over the last few years and the profit decreased. It should be emphasized that the analysis of differences did not indicate significant influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the pharmacy sector employees’ opinion. By discovering new findings, this doctoral dissertation contributes to the understanding of the analyzed issue, which is a precondition for solving problems of the Croatian healthcare and pharmacy sector.