This paper analyzes the agricultural sector in the Republic of Croatia with the aim of getting acquainted with the state of Croatian agriculture, its characteristics, historical facts of its origin, up to the current course of agricultural development and agricultural production. Agriculture means a certain type of process which, with the help of certain substances obtained by growing plants and animals involved in the further production process, obtains food for humans and animals. The basic tasks of agriculture relate to the issue of nutrition of the local population, procurement and supply of raw materials of agricultural origin and the possibility of achieving the highest possible value of exports of agricultural products. This paper will try to analyze the development trends of the agricultural sector in Croatia, the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy and the European Union on agriculture and the development of certain branches of agricultural activity, with the help of methods needed in the preparation of scientific research. Livestock, fruit growing, viticulture, farming and grassland can be singled out as the basic branches of agriculture. In agriculture, farming is extremely important because it provides the population with the necessary food products, animals also need food, and many industries with raw materials for further processing and production. More than half of the land area of the Republic of Croatia is covered with agricultural land, a good part of which refers to the area of Slavonia and Baranja. Agriculture as Croatia needs should meet certain criteria that are manifested through a sustainable, competitive and smart way of managing this extremely important branch of activity. The emergence and development of new technologies in agriculture brings with it certain advantages and disadvantages that potential and current farmers should face. The challenges facing Croatia, but also the European Union, which relate to solving the issue of depopulation of rural areas and deagrarization, will determine the further course of agricultural development.