The subject of this paper is a matrix organizational structure, and the aim is to study characteristics, role, and significance. The structure of the paper is divided into five different units. After the introductory part, the second chapter studies the concept and goals of organizational structure. The third chapter deals with the matrix organizational structure, the fourth with the complexity of the same, while the fifth chapter concludes. At the very end of the paper, there are lists of literature, tables and figures used in the paper. It was concluded that a matrix organizational structure is established when there are multiple dependencies of equal importance. It involves combining other forms of organizational structure, most often functional and divisional. The matrix organizational structure is suitable for projects that are shorter in duration and when sufficient material and intangible resources are available. It is best suited for medium-sized companies that produce a number of different products using technology. Some of the benefits of such an organizational structure are the equal focus on two equally important dependency relationships, efficient information processing and resource allocation. Like any other organizational structure, this one has certain shortcomings, from which possible conflicts and conflicts can be distinguished, as well as an increased need for communication. Depending on which shape is prevalent in the matrix structure, there are also different types. Management must be at a high level to deal with the complexity of the matrix organizational structure and to highlight the advantages while minimizing the disadvantages.