Bonds are financial instruments with fixed income, typically issued by governments or corporations. When investing in bonds investors are interested in the bond's face value, its maturity and the coupon rate. Bond portfolio management involves two main management strategies: active strategy and passive strategy. Passive strategies' goal is to replicate an index and its performance. Active strategies aim to the performance of a chosen index, while the goal of an active strategy is to outperform the selected benchmark. Following this, the research question posed was, "How do different active bond portfolio management strategies, such as bullet, barbell, and ladder strategies, impact overall returns compared to passive portfolio management strategies?" The objective of this paper was to theoretically and practically explore active bond portfolio management and determine whether the selected active strategies are more profitable compared to the passive "buy and hold" strategy, and if so, under what market conditions they are more profitable. In this graduate paper yield curve of active strategies were theoretically and practically researched and analyzed, and then compared to the simple passive "buy and hold" strategy. In the research, statistical and mathematical methods were used for the research in combination with descriptive method, induction, deduction and comparative method. The active strategies used have failed to produce better results than a „buy and hold“ passive strategy. This finding is largely consistent with available research, which indicates that very few managers using active strategies, i.e., active portfolio management, manage to achieve better results than the benchmarks.