Government borrowing is a crucial aspect of fiscal policy that, despite borrowing and "causing" a budget deficit, can stimulate economic growth by targeting numerous segments of public and private consumption, activating economic activities and achieving various socio-economic goals. However, as the author emphasized in his thesis under the same mentor in 2022, the hypersensitivity associated with government borrowing can lead to significant economic and political challenges. Therefore, the thesis analyzes the concept, role and scope of government borrowing as a complex phenomenon within the economic structure of the national economy. The causes and consequences of borrowing as well as the advantages and disadvantages of government borrowing are examined. In addition, corruption and inflation in the posttransition EU Member States are examined. The hypersensitivity of government borrowing is fueled by the complex interplay of national and international factors. Although borrowing is a necessary tool for governments, managing its hypersensitivity is crucial for maintaining economic stability and avoiding negative consequences. Effective governance, transparent fiscal policies and strategic economic management can mitigate these vulnerabilities and allow countries to use borrowing safely for growth and development. As global interdependencies increase, coordinated international efforts may also be needed to address and manage the systemic risks posed by over-sensitive sovereign borrowing. Indeed, looking at all macroeconomic indicators at the global level, it is an unavoidable fact that almost all countries are "over-indebted" - both the less developed and the developed countries. This thesis will attempt to analyze the main reasons for government borrowing, such as: 1) to finance the deficit, 2) to promote and finance public investment, 3) to stimulate the economy in times of stagnation, contraction or recession (but also to continue expansion), 4) to refinance debt, to repay or refinance existing debt (e.g. in situations of better/more prosperous economies), and 4) to repay existing debt (e.g. in situations of better/worse creditworthiness or financial market conditions), 5) to expand social programs and social services "that "cost money", 6) to finance the country's military and defense security needs, 7) to finance in sudden adverse situations such as natural disasters or other crises and the like. In the rest of the thesis, the chapters analyze and summarize the main concepts, trends and challenges.