The thesis explores the importance of ecology and environmentally responsible behavior, with a particular focus on the awareness of the residents of the Republic of Croatia. Through a review of theoretical concepts of ecology, socially responsible behavior, and sustainable development, the thesis analyzes how different factors influence the formation of ecological awareness. Special attention is given to the role of upbringing and education, including the Eco-Schools program and the cross-curricular theme of Sustainable Development, and how these educational programs contribute to increasing ecological awareness among young people. The empirical part of the thesis includes research that examines the attitudes and behaviors of respondents regarding environmentally responsible behavior. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, data was collected from various demographic groups to gain a comprehensive insight into the current state of ecological awareness. The research results indicate the level of information, attitudes towards environmental issues, and willingness to participate in activities that promote sustainable development. Based on the analysis of the results, the thesis discusses the significance of the findings for further promoting ecological awareness and responsible behavior. It also highlights the importance of continuous education and public information, as well as the integration of ecological topics at all levels of the educational system. The conclusions of the thesis offer guidelines for future research, suggesting necessary changes in educational programs and broader social initiatives to achieve a long-term positive impact on the ecological behavior of the residents. This thesis contributes to understanding the complex dynamics between education, awareness, and behavior, and provides practical suggestions for improving ecological responsibility in Croatia.